MORTGAGE TERMINOLOGY

Fair Credit Reporting Act

A consumer protection law that regulates the disclosure of consumer credit reports by credit reporting agencies and specifies procedures for challenging errors on a credit record.

Fair Market Value

The highest price that a buyer, willing but not compelled to buy, would pay, and the lowest a seller, willing but not compelled to sell, would accept.

Fannie Mae

A New York Stock Exchange company and the largest non-bank financial services company in the world. It operates pursuant to a federal charter and is the nation's largest source of financing for home mortgages. Since 1968, Fannie Mae has provided nearly $4.5 trillion of mortgage financing for over 49 million families.

Federal Housing Administration (FHA)

An agency of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Its main activity is the insuring of residential mortgage loans made by private lenders. The FHA sets standards for construction and underwriting but does not lend money or plan or construct housing.

Fee Simple

The greatest possible interest a person can have in real estate. Fee simple ownership provides the owner with unrestricted powers to dispose of the owned property as the owner sees fit. Of all types of ownership a person can have in real estate, fee simple provides the greatest amount of personal control.

Fee Simple Estate

An unconditional, unlimited estate of inheritance that represents the greatest estate and most extensive interest in land that can be enjoyed. It is of perpetual duration. When the real estate is in a condominium project, the unit owner is the exclusive owner only of the air space within his or her portion of the building (the unit) and is an owner in common with respect to the land and other common portions of the property.

FHA Coinsured Mortgage

A mortgage (under FHA Section 244) for which the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and the originating lender share the risk of loss in the event of the mortgagor's default.

FHA Loans

With FHA insurance, you can purchase a home with a low down payment from 3 percent to 5 percent of the FHA appraised value or the purchase price, whichever is lower. FHA mortgages have a maximum loan limit that varies depending on the average cost of housing in a given region. In general, the loan limit is less than what is available with a conventional mortgage through a lender.

FHA Mortgage

A mortgage that is insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA). Also known as a government mortgage. With FHA insurance, you can purchase a home with a low down payment from 3 percent to 5 percent of the FHA appraised value or the purchase price, whichever is lower. FHA mortgages have a maximum loan limit that varies depending on the average cost of housing in a given region. In general, the loan limit is less than what is available with a mortgage through a lender.

Fifteen-year Mortgage

A loan with a term of 15 years. Although the monthly payment on a 15-year mortgage is higher than that of a 30-year mortgage, the amount of interest paid over the life of the loan is substantially less.

Final Walk-Through Inspection

Your sales contract should include a clause that allows you to examine the property you want to purchase within the 24 hours before closing. This walk-through, during which you will be accompanied by the real estate sales professional, is your chance to ensure that the seller has vacated the house and left behind whatever property was agreed upon. Make sure to check that all lights, appliances, and plumbing fixtures are in working order. You will also want to make sure that all conditions of the sales contract have been met. If they aren't, or you observe major problems, you have the right to delay the closing until the problems are corrected. One other option is to make sure money to correct the problems is placed in an escrow account at closing to cover the cost of repairs.

Finance Charge

A term defined in section 105 of the federal Truth in Lending Act (PL 90-321; 15 USC 1605), which generally includes all charges payable as an incident to the extension of a loan.

Financial Index

An index is a number to which the interest rate on an adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) is tied. It is generally a published number expressed as a percentage, such as the average interest rate or yield on U.S. Treasury bills. A margin is added to the index to determine the interest rate that will be charged on ARMs. This interest rate is subject to any caps associated with the mortgage. The interest rate changes on an ARM are tied to some type of financial index. Some of the most common type of indexed ARMs are:

-- Treasury-Indexed ARMs
-- CD-Indexed ARMs (Certificate of Deposit)
-- Cost of Funds-Indexed ARMs (COFI)
-- LIBOR-Based ARMs

When comparing ARMs, look at how the index to which it is tied has performed recently. Your lender can provide information on how to track the index and a history of the index they use.

Finder's Fee

A fee or commission paid to a mortgage broker for finding a mortgage loan for a prospective borrower.

Fire Wall

A wall built to prevent the spread of fire in a building.

Firm Commitment

A lender's agreement to make a loan to a specific borrower on a specific property.

First and Second Mortgages

A "first mortgage" is the primary lien against a property. The term is usually coined "first mortgage" only when a "second mortgage" is obtained on a property. A "second mortgage" is a lien that is subordinate to the first mortgage. Usually, the interest rates on second mortgages are slightly higher than the interest rates on a first mortgage. The amount of a second mortgage you can take out will depend on the equity you have built up in your home, the appraised value of your property, your credit history, and any other liens you may have against your property, such as a home equity line of credit. Borrowers will typically get a second mortgage to tap into the equity they've built in their home -- and use that for home improvements, debt consolidation, medical bills, or other purposes. You apply for a second mortgage with the same process you follow for a first mortgage. However, some of your closing costs may be less. When you have a first and second mortgage, you theoretically have two loans, both requiring interest and principal payments.

First Mortgage

A mortgage that is the primary lien against a property. A "first mortgage" is the primary lien against a property. The term is usually coined "first mortgage" only when a "second mortgage" is obtained on a property. A "second mortgage" is a lien that is subordinate to the first mortgage. Usually, the interest rates on second mortgages are slightly higher than the interest rates on a first mortgage. The amount of a second mortgage you can take out will depend on the equity you have built up in your home, the appraised value of your property, your credit history, and any other liens you may have against your property, such as a home equity line of credit. Borrowers will typically get a second mortgage to tap into the equity they've built in their home -- and use that for home improvements, debt consolidation, medical bills, or other purposes. You apply for a second mortgage with the same process you follow for a first mortgage. However, some of your closing costs may be less. When you have a first and second mortgage, you theoretically have two loans, both requiring interest and principal payments.

Fixed Installment

The monthly payment due on a mortgage loan. The fixed installment includes payment of both principal and interest.

Fixed-Period Adjustable-Rate Mortgages

This type of adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) maintains the same initial interest rate for the first three, five, seven, or 10 years of your loan, depending on the term you choose. Your interest rate then adjusts annually, and can move up or down as market conditions change. Be sure to ask your lender about the interest rate caps for both the annual adjustments and for the life of the loan. The lifetime interest rate cap for fixed-period ARMs is typically 5 to 6 percentage points above your initial rate. Your annual cap during the adjustable period is typically 1 to 2 percentage points above or below over the current rate. Can be used to buy one- to four-family residences including second homes and condos, co-ops and planned unit developments. Manufactured homes are also eligible. (Manufactured housing units must be built on a permanent chassis at a factory and then transported to a permanent site and attached to a foundation.

Fixed-Rate Mortgage (FRM)

A mortgage in which the interest rate does not change during the entire term of the loan. Fixed-rate mortgages, the most popular type of mortgage, offer the peace of mind that your interest rate will remain the same for as long as you have your loan. If you expect to live in your home for many years, having the same interest rate may be your key concern. If you decide that you like the stable, predictable payments of a fixed-rate loan, you have the option of choosing from a variety of repayment terms: 15, 20, and 30 years are the most common. Typically, the longer the term of the mortgage, the more interest you pay over the life of your loan. However, stretching out your repayment term means your monthly mortgage payments will be less than they would be with a comparable shorter-term mortgage.

Fixture

Personal property that becomes real property when attached in a permanent manner to real estate.

Flood Insurance

Insurance that compensates for physical property damage resulting from flooding. It is required for properties located in federally designated flood areas.

Flood Plain

Those lands subject to flooding when a stream or river is at flood stage.

Floor Plan

Scale architectural drawings showing details of floor design and layout.

Foreclosure

The legal process by which a borrower in default under a mortgage is deprived of his or her interest in the mortgaged property. This usually involves a forced sale of the property at public auction with the proceeds of the sale being applied to the mortgage debt. If you repeatedly do not make your mortgage payments on time, your lender could sell your home and evict you from it in a legal procedure called foreclosure. A foreclosure on your property can result in the loss of your home and your good credit rating. Foreclosure is most often a last resort effort that lenders will take if you repeatedly don't make your mortgage payments. Before going to foreclosure, lenders will work with you if you are facing financial hardships to come up with repayment plans that will let you get back on track and remain in your home.

Forbearance

The act of refraining from taking legal action despite the fact that the mortgage is in arrears. It is usually granted only when a mortgagor makes satisfactory arrangements to pay the amount owed at a future date.

Forfeiture

The loss of money, property, rights, or privileges due to a breach of legal obligation.

Friable

A condition, most frequently utilized in the context of asbestos, where environmental contaminants (usually asbestos fibers) have the potential to become dislodged or disturbed and airborne, thus becoming a threat to one's health.

Frontage

The property line abutting the most important adjacent property, usually a street, lake, river, or ocean.

Fully Amortized ARM

An adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) with a monthly payment that is sufficient to amortize the remaining balance, at the interest accrual rate, over the amortization term.

Fully Indexed Accrual Rate

The index plus the margin for an adjustable rate mortgage (FIAR).

Fungible

Substitutable. Any unit that is as acceptable as another; usually used in connection with standardized FHA mortgage documents, appraisals, and property standards, which make mortgages more marketable because of their substitutability.